##3###################################################### # NyAyasUtra 5-adhyAya 1-Ahnika # # with NyAyabhASya of VAtsyAyana # # # # txt...Calcutta Skt Series (Rinsen,Kyoto) # # # # avagraha...'a or ''A # # samAsa-vigraha...- # # saMdhi-vigraha...^ # # # # Takuya Ono # ######################################################### NyAyabhASya sAdharmya-vaidharmyAbhyAM pratyavasthAnasya vikalpAj jAtibahutvam iti saGkSepeNa^uktaM, tad vistareNa vibhajyate --- tAH khalv imA jAtayaH sthApanA-hetau prayukte caturviMzatiH pratiSedhahetavaH / NyAyasUtra 5-1-1 sAdharmya-vaidharmya-utkarSa-apakarSa-varNya-avarNya-vikalpa-sAdhya-prApty-aprApti-prasaGga-pratidRSTAnta-anutpatti-saMZaya-prakaraNa-ahetv-arthApatty-aviZeSa-upapatty-upalabdhy-anupalabdhy-anitya-nitya-kAryasamAH // NyAyabhASya jAteH saMkSepeNa^uktAyA vistaro vaktavya iti^idAnIm Arabhyate sAdharmya-Adi-sUtram --- sAdharmya-vaidharmya-utkarSa-apakarSa-varNya-avarNya-vikalpa-sAdhya-prApty-aprApti-prasaGga-pratidRSTAnta-anutpatti-saMZaya-prakaraNa-ahetv-arthApatty-aviZeSa-upapatty-upalabdhy-anupalabdhy-anitya-nitya-kAryasamAH / sAdharmyeNa pratyavasthAnam aviziSyamANaM sthApanA-hetutaH sAdharmyasamaH / avizeSaM tatra tatra^udAhariSyAmaH / evaM vaidharmyasama-prabhRtayo 'api nirvaktavyAH // NbhA20// NyAyasUtra 5-1-2 sAdharmya-vaidharmyAbhyAm upasaMhAre tad-dharma-viparyaya-upapatteH sAdharmya-vaidharmyasamau // NyAyabhASya sAdharmyeNa^upasaMhAre sAdhyadharmaviparyaya-upapatteH sAdharmyeNa^eva pratyavasthAnam aviziSyamANaM sthApanA-hetutaH sAdharmyasamaH pratiSedhaH / nidarzanam kriyAvAn AtmA dravyasya kriyA-hetu-guNa-yogAt / dravyaM loSTaH kriyA-hetu-guNa-yuktaH kriyAvAn tathA ca^AtmA tasmAt kriyAvAn iti / evam upasaMhRte paraH sAdharmyeNa^eva pratyavatiSThate niSkriya AtmA vibhuno dravyasya niSkriyatvAd vibhu ca^AkAzaM niSkriyaM ca tathA ca^AtmA tasmAn niSkriya iti / na ca^asti vizeSa-hetuH kriyAvat-sAdharmyAt kriyAvatA bhavitavyaM na punar akriyasAdharmyAd niSkriyeNa^iti / vizeSa-hetv-abhAvAt sAdharmyasamaH pratiSedho bhavati / atha vaidharmyasamaH kriyA-hetu-guNa-yukto loSTaH paricchinno dRSTo na ca tathA ''AtmA tasmAn na loSTavat kriyAvAn iti / na ca^asti vizeSa-hetuH kriyAvat-sAdharmyAt kriyAvatA bhavitavyaM na punaH kriyAvad-vaidharmyAd akriyeNa^iti vizeSa-hetv-abhAvAd vaidharmyasamaH / vaidharmyeNa ca^upasaMhAraH niSkriya AtmA vibhutvAt kriyAvad dravyam avibhu dRSTaM niSkriyaM loSTaH na ca tathA ''AtmA tasmAn niSkriya iti / vaidharmyeNa pratyavasthAnam niSkriyaM dravyam AkAzaM kriyA-hetu-guNa-rahitaM dRSTam na ca tathA ''AtmA tasmAn na niSkriya iti / na ca^asti vizeSa-hetuH kriyAvad-vaidharmyAn niSkriyeNa bhavitavyaM na punar akriyavaidharmyAt kriyAvatA^iti vizeSa-hetv-abhAvAd vaidharmyasamaH / atha sAdharmyasamaH kriyAvAn loSTaH kriyA-hetu-guNa-yukto dRSTaH tathA ca ''AtmA tasmAt kriyAvAn iti na ca^asti vizeSa-hetuH kriyAvad-vaidharmyAn niSkriyo na punaH kriyAvat-sAdharmyAt kriyAvAn iti vizeSa-hetv-abhAvAt sAdharmyasamaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-3 gotvAd go-siddhivat tat-siddhiH // NyAyabhASya sAdharmya-mAtreNa vaidharmya-mAtreNa ca sAdhya-sAdhane pratijJAyamAne syAd avyavasthA sA tu dharma-vizeSe na^upapadyate go-sAdharmyAd gotvAj jAti-vizeSAd gauH sidhyati na tu sAsnA-Adi-sambandhAt / azva-Adi-vaidharmyAd gotvAd eva gauH sidhyati na guNa-Adi-bhedAt / tac ca^etat kRta-vyAkhyAnam avayava-prakaraNe pramANAnAm abhisambandhAc ca^eka-artha-kAritvaM samAnaM vAkye iti / hetv-AbhAsAzrayA khalv iyam avyavasthA^iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-4 sAdhya-dRSTAntayor dharma-vikalpAd ubhaya-sAdhyatvAc ca^utkarza-apakarza-varNya-avarNya-vikalpa-sAdhyasamAH // NyAyabhASya dRSTAntadharmaM sAdhye samAsaJjayata utkarzasamaH / yadi kriyA-hetu-guNa-yogAl loSTavat kriyAvAn AtmA loSTavad eva sparzavAn api prApnoti / atha na sparzavAn loSTavat kriyAvAn api na prApnoti viparyaye vA vizeSo vaktavya iti / sAdhye dharma-abhAvaM dRSTAntAt prasaJjayato 'apakarzasamaH / loSTaH khalu kriyAvAn avibhur dRSTaH kAmam AtmA 'api kriyAvAn avibhur astu viparyaye vA vizeSo vaktavya iti / khyApanIyo varNyo viparyayAd avarNyaH tAv etau sAdhya-dRSTAnta-dharmau viparyasyato varNyAvarNyasamau bhavataH / sAdhana-dharma-yukte dRSTAnte dharma-antara-vikalpAt sAdhya-dharma-vikalpaM prasaJjayato vikalpasamaH / kriyA-hetu-guNa-yuktaM kiJcid guru yathA loSTaH kiMcil laghu yathA vAyuH evaM kriyA-hetu-guNa-yuktaM kiJcit kriyAvat syAt yathA loSTaH kiJcid akriyaM yathA ''AtmA vizeSo vA vAcya iti / hetv-Ady-avayava-sAmarthya-yogI dharmaH sAdhyaH taM dRSTAnte prasaJjayataH sAdhyasamaH / yadi yathA loSTas tathA ''AtmA prAptas tarhi yathA ''AtmA tathA loSTa iti / sAdhyaz ca^ayam AtmA kriyAvAn iti kAmaM loSTo 'api sAdhyaH atha na^evam na tarhi yathA loSTaH tathA ''AtmA // NyAyabhASya eteSAm uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-5 kiJcit-sAdharmyAd upasaMhAra-siddher vaidharmyAd apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya alabhyaH siddhasya nihnavaH / siddhaM ca kiJcit-sAdhatmyAd upamAnaM yathA gaus tathA gavaya iti tatra na labhyo go-gavayayor dharma-vikalpaz codayitum / evaM sAdhake dharme dRSTAnta-Adi-sAmarthya-yukte na labhyaH sAdhya-dRSTAntayor dharma-vikalpAd vaidharmyAt pratiSedho vaktum iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-6 sAdhya-atidezAc ca dRSTAnta-upapatteH // NyAyabhASya yatra laukika-parIkSakANAM buddhi-sAmyaM tena^aviparIto 'artho 'tidizyate prajJApana-artham / evaM sAdhya-atidezAd dRSTAnte upapadyamAne sAdhyatvam anupapannam iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-7 prApya sAdhyam aprApya vA hetoH prAptyA 'aviziSTatvAd aprAptyA 'asAdhakatvAc ca prApty-aprAptisamau // NyAyabhASya hetuH prApya vA sAdhyaM sAdhayed aprApya vA ? na tAvat prApya prAptyAm aviziSTatvAd asAdhakaH / dvayor vidyamAnayoH prAptau satyAM kiM kasya sAdhakaM sAdhyaM vA ? aprApya sAdhakaM na bhavati na^aprAptaH pradIpaH prakAzayati^iti / prAptyA pratyavasthAnaM prAptisamaH aprAptyA pratyavasthAnam aprAptisamaH // NyAyabhASya anayor uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-8 ghaTa-Adi-niSpatti-darzanAt pIDane ca^abhicArAd apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya ubhayathA khalv ayuktaH pratiSedhaH kartR-karaNa-adhikaraNAni prApya mRdaM ghaTa-Adi-kAryaM niSpAdayanti abhicArAc ca pIDane sati dRSTam aprApya sAdhakatvam iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-9 dRSTAntasya kAraNa-anapadezAt pratyavasthAnAc ca pratidRSTAntena prasaGga-pratidRSTAntasamau// NyAyabhASya sAdhanasya^api sAdhanaM vaktavyam iti prasaGgena pratyavasthAnaM prasaGgasamaH pratiSedhaH / kriyA-hetu-guNa-yogI kriyAvAn loSTa iti hetur na^apadizyate na ca hetum antereNa siddhir asti^iti / pratidRSTAntena pratyavasthAnaM pratidRSTAntasamaH / kriyAvAn AtmA kriyA-hetu-guNa-yogAd loSTavad ity ukte pratidRSTAnta upAdIyate --- kriyA-hetu-guNa-yuktam AkAzaM niSkriyaM dRSTam iti kaH punar AkAzasya kriyA-hetu-guNaH ? vAyunA saMyogaH saMskAra-apekSaH vAyu-vanaspati-saMyogavad iti // NyAyabhASya anayor uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-10 pradIpa-upAdAna-prasaGga-vinivRttivat tad-vinivRttiH // NyAyabhASya idaM tAvad ayaM pRSTo vaktum arhati atha ke pradIpam upAdadate kim-arthaM vA^iti ? didRkSamANA dRzya-darzana-artham iti / atha pradIpaM didRkSamANAH pradIpa-antaraM kasmAn na^upAdadate ? antareNa^api pradIpa-antataM dRzyate pradIpaH tatra pradIpa-darzana-arthaM pradIpa-upAdAnaM nirarthakam / atha dRSTAntaH kim-artham ucyata iti aprajJAtasya jJApana-artham iti / atha dRSTAnte kAraNa-apadezaH kim-arthaM dezyate[mRgyate] ? yadi prajJApana-arthaM prajJAto dRSTAntaH / sa khalu "laukika-parIkSakANAM yasminn arthe buddhi-sAmyaM sa dRSTAnta" iti tat-prajJApana-arthaH kAraNa-apadezo nirarthaka iti prasaGgasamasya^uttaram // NyAyabhASya atha pratidRSTAntasamasya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-11 pratidRSTAnta-hetutve ca na^ahetur dRSTAntaH // NyAyabhASya pratidRSTAntaM bruvatA na vizeSahetur apadizyate anena prakAreNa pratidRSTAnataH sAdhako na dRSTAnta iti / evaM pratidRSTAnta-hetutve na^ahetur dRSTAnta ity upapadyate / sa ca katham hetur na syAt ? yady apratiSiddhaH sAdhakaH syAd iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-12 prAg utpatteH kAraNa-abhAvAd anutpattisamaH // NyAyabhASya anityaH zabdaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd ghaTavad ity ukte apara Aha --- prAg utpatter anutpanne zabde prayatna-AnantarIyakatvam anityatva-kAraNaM na^asti, tad-abhAvAt nityatvaM prAptaM, nityasya ca^utpattir na^asti / anutpattyA pratyavasthAnam anutpattisamaH // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-13 tathA-bhAvAd utpannasya kAraNa-upapatter na kAraNa-pratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya tathA-bhAvAd utpannasya^iti / utpannaH khalv ayaM zabda iti bhavati / prAg utapatteH zabda eva na^asti, utpannasya zabda-bhAvAc chabdasya sataH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvam anityatva-kAraNam upapadyate, kAraNa^upapatter ayukto 'ayaM doSaH "prAg utpatteH kAraNa-abhAvAd" iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-14 sAmAnya^dRSTAntayor aindriyakatve samAne nitya-anitya-sAdharmyAt saMzayasamaH // NyAyabhASya anityaH zabdaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd ghaTavad ity ukte hetau saMzayena pratyavatiSTate --- sati prayatna-AnantarIyakatve asty eva^asya nityena sAmAnyena sAdharmyam aindriyakatvam, asti ca ghaTena^anityena, ato nitya-anitya-sAdharmyAd anivRttiH saMzaya iti // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-15 sAdharmyAt saMzaye na saMzayo vaidharmyAd ubhayathA vA saMzaye 'atyanta-saMzaya-prasaGgo nityatva-anabhyupagamAc ca sAmAnysya^apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya vizeSAd vaidharmyAd avadhAryamANe 'arthe puruSa iti, na sthANu-puruSa-sAdharmyAt saMzayo 'avakAzaM labhate / evaM vaidharmyAd vizeSAt prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd avadhAryamANe zabdasya^anityatve nitya^anitya-sAdharmyAt saMzayo 'avakAzaM na labhate / yadi vai labhate, tataH sthANu-puruSa-sAdharmya-anucchedAd atyantaM saMzayaH syAt / gRhyamANe ca vizeSe nityaM sAdharmyaM saMzaya-hetur iti na^abhyupagamyate / na hi gRhyamANe puruSasya vizeSe sthANu-puruSa-sAdharmyaM saMzaya-hetur bhavati // NyAyasUtra 5-1-16 ubhaya-sAdharmyAt prakriyA-siddheH prakaraNasamaH // NyAyabhASya ubhayena nityena ca^anityena ca sAdharmyAt pakSa-pratipakSayoH pravRttiH prakriyA / anityaH zabdaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd ghaTavad ity ekaH pakSaM pravarttayati, dvitIyaz ca nitya-sAdharmyAt pratipakSaM pravarttayati --- nityaH zabdaH zrAvaNatvAt zabdatvavad iti / evaM ca sati prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd iti hetur anitya-sAdharmyeNa ucyamAno na prakaraNam ativarttate , prakaraNa-anativRtter nirNaya-anativartanam / samAnaM ca^etan nitya-sAdharmyeNa^ucyamANe hetau / tad idaM prakaraNa-anativRttyA pratyavasthAnaM prakaraNasamaH / samAnaM ca^etad vaidharmye 'api, ubhaya-vaidharmyAt prakriyA-siddheH prakaraNasama iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-17 pratipakSAt prakaraNa-siddheH pratiSedha-anupapattiH pratipakSa^upapatteH // NyAyabhASya ubhaya-sAdharmyAt prakriyA-siddhaM bruvatA pratipakSAt prakriyA-siddhir uktA bhavati / yady ubhaya-sAdharmyaM, tatra ekataraH pratipakSa ity evaM saty upapannaH pratipakSo bhavati / pratipakSa-upapatter anupapannaH pratiSedhaH, yadi pratipakSa-upapattiH pratiSedho na^upapadyate, atha pratiSedha-upapattiH pratipakSo na^upapadyate, pratipakSa-upapattiH pratiSedha-upapattiz ca^iti vipratiSiddham iti / tattva^anavadhAraNAc ca prakriyA-siddhir viparyaye prakaraNa^avasAnAt, tattva-avadhAraNe hy avasitaM prakaraNaM bhavati^iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-18 traikAlya-asiddher hetor ahetusamaH // NyAyabhASya hetuH sAdhanam, tat sAdhyAt pUrvaM pazcAt saha vA bhavet / yadi pUrvaM sAdhanam, asati sAdhye kasya sAdhanam ? atha pazcAd, asati sAdhane kasya^idaM sAdhyam ? atha yugapat sAdhya-sAdane, dvayor vidyamAnayoH kiM kasya sAdhanaM kiM kasya sAdhyam iti hetur ahetunA na viziSyate / ahetunA sAdharmyAt prayavasthAnam ahetusamaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-19 na hetutaH sAdhya-siddhes traikAlya-asiddhiH // NyAyabhASya na traikAlya-asiddhiH / kasmAt ? hetutaH sAdhya-siddheH / nirvartanIyasya nirvRttir vijJeyasya vijJAnam ubhayaM kAraNato dRzyate, so 'ayaM mahAn pratyakSa-viSaya udAharaNam iti / yat tu khalu^uktam asati sAdhye kasya sAdhanam iti ? yat tu nirvatyate yac ca vijJApyate tasya^iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-20 pratiSeda-anupapattez ca pratiSeddhavya^apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya pUrvaM pazcAd yugapad vA pratiSedha iti na^upapadyate, pratiSedha^anupapatteH sthApanA-hetuH siddha iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-21 artha-ApattitaH pratipakSa-siddher arthApattisamaH // NyAyabhASya anityaH zabdaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd ghaTavad iti sthApite pakSe artha-ApattyA pratipakSaM sAdhayato 'arthApattisamaH / yadi prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd anitya-sAdharmyAd anityaH zabda iti, arthAd Apadyate nitya-sAdharmyAn nitya iti, asti ca^asya nityena sAdharmyam asparzatvam iti // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-22 anuktasya^artha-ApatteH pakSa-hAner upapattir anuktatvAd anaikAnatikatvAc ca^artha-ApatteH // NyAyabhASya anupapAdya sAmarthyam anuktam arthAd Apadyate iti bruvataH pakSa-hAner upapattir anuktatvAt, anitya-pakSa-siddhAv arthAd ApannaM nitya-pakSasya hAnir iti / anaikAnatikatvAc ca^artha-ApatteH / ubhaya-pakSa-samA ca^iyam arthApattiH / yadi nitya-sAdharmyAd asparzatvAd AkAzavac ca nityaH zabdaH, arthAd Apanna, anitya-sAdharmyAt prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd anitya iti / na ca^iyaM viparyaya-mAtrAd ekAntena^artha-ApattiH / na khalu vai ghaNasya grAvNaH patanam ity arthAd Apadyate --- dravANAm apAM patana-abhAva iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-23 eka-dharma-upapatter avizeSe sarva-avizeSa-prasaGgAt sad-bhAva-upapatter avizeSasamaH // NyAyabhASya eko dharmaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvaM zabda-ghaTayor upapadyata ity avizeSe ubhayor anityatve, sarva-avizeSaH prasajyate / katham ? sad-bhAva-upapatteH / eko dharmaH sad-bhAvaH sarvasya^upapadyate, sad-bhAva-upapatteH sarva-avizeSa-prasaGgAt pratyavasthAnam avizeSasamaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-24 kvacit tad-dharma^upapatteH kvacic ca^anupapatteH pratiSedha-abhAvaH // NyAyabhASya yathA sAdhya-dRSTAntayor eka-dharmasya prayatna-AnantarIyakatvasya^upapatter anityatvaM dharma-antaram avizeSaH, na^evaM sarva-bhAvAnAM sad-bhAva^upapatti-nimittaM dharma-antaram asti, yena avizeSaH syAt / atha matam anityatvam eva dharma-anataraM sad-bhAva-upapatti-nimittaM bhAvAnAM sarvatra syAd iti, evaM khalu vai kalpyamAne anityAH sarve bhAvAH sad-bhAva-upapatter iti pakSaH prApnoti / tatra pratijJA-artha-vyatiriktam anyad udAharaNaM na^asti, anudAharaNaz ca hetur na^asti^iti / pratijJA-eka-dezasya ca^udAharaNatvam anupapannam, na hi sAdhyam udAharaNaM bhavati / sataz ca nitya^anitya-bhAvAt anityatva-anupapattiH / tasmAt sad-bhAva-upapatteH sarva-avizeSa-prasaGga iti nirabhidheyam etad vAkyam iti / sarva-bhAvAnAM sad-bhAva-upapatter anityatvam iti bruvatA 'anujJAtaM zabdasya^anityatvaM, tatra^anupapannaH pratiSedha iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-25 ubhaya-kAraNa-upapatter upapattisamaH // NyAyabhASya yady anityatva-kAraNam upapadyate zabdasya^ity anityaH zabdo nityatva-kAraNam apy upapadyate 'asya^asparzatvam iti nityatvam apy upapadyate / ubhayasya^anityatvasya nityatvasya ca kAraNa-upapattyA pratyavasthAnam upapattisamaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-26 upapatti-kAraNa-abhyanujJAnAd apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya ubhaya-kAraNa-upapatter iti bruvatA na^anityatva-kAraNa^upapatter anityatvaM pratiSidhyate, yadi pratiSidhyate na^ubhaya-kAraNa-upapattiH syAt / ubhaya-kAraNa-upapatti-vacanAd anityatva-kAraNa-upapattir abhyanujJAyate, abhyanujJAnAd anupapannaH pratiSedhaH / vyAghAtAt pratiSedha iti cet, samAno vyAghAtaH / ekasya nityatva-anityatva-prasaGgaM vyAhataM bruvatA^uktaM pratiSedha iti cet ? sva-pakSa-para-pakSayoH samAno vyAghAtaH , sa ca na^ekatarasya sAdhaka iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-27 nirdiSTa-kAraNa-abhAve 'apy upalambhAd upalabdhisamaH // NyAyabhASya nirdiSTasya prayatna-AnantarIyakatvasya^anityatva-kAraNasya^abhAve 'api vAyu-nodanAd vRkSa-zAkhA-bhaGga-jasya zabdasya^anityatvam upalabhyate / nirdiSTasya sAdhanasya^abhAve 'api sAdhya-dharma^upalabdhyA pratyavasthAnam upalabdhisamaH // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-28 kAraNa-antarAd api tad-dharma-upapatter apratiSedhaH // NyAyabhASya prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd iti bruvatA kAraNata utpattir abhidhIyate, na kAryasya kAraNa-niyamaH / yadi ca kAraNa-antarAd apy utpadyamAnasya zabdasya tad anityatvam upapadyate, kim atra pratiSidhyata iti // NyAyabhASya na prAg uccAraNAd vidyamAnasya zabdasya^anupalabdhiH, kasmAt ? AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdheH / yathA vidyamAnasya^udaka-Ader arthasya ''AvaraNa-Ader anupalabdhiH na^evaM zabdasya^agrahaNa-kAraNena ''Avarana-AdinA 'anupalabdhiH / gRhyeta ca^etad asya^agrahaNa-kAraNam udaka-Adivat, na gRhyate / tasmAd udaka-Adi-viparItaH zabdo 'anupalabhyamAna iti / NyAyasUtra 5-1-29 tad-anupalabdher anupalambhAd abhAva-siddhau tad-viparIta^upapatter anupalabdhisamaH // NyAyabhASya teSAm AvaraNa-AdInAm anupalabdhir na^upalabhyate / anupalambhAn na^asti^ity abhAvo 'asyAH sidhyati / abhAva-siddhau hetv-abhAvAt tad-viparItam astitvam AvaraNa-AdInAm avadhAryate / tad-viparIta-upapatter yat-pratijJAtaM "na prAg uccAraNAd vidyamAnasya zabdasya^anupalabdhir ity" etan na sidhyati / so 'ayaM "hetur AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdher" ity AvaraNa^AdiSu ca ''AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdhau ca samaya-anupalabdhyA pratyavasthito 'anupalabdhisamo bhavati // NyAyabhASya asya uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-30 anupalambha-AtmakatvAd anupalabdher ahetuH // NyAyabhASya AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdhir na^asti, anupalambhAd ity ahetuH / kasmAt ? anupalambha-AtmakatvAd anupalabdheH / upalambha-abhAva-mAtratvAd anupalabdheH / yad asti tad upalabdher viSayaH, upalabdhyA tad asti^iti pratijJAyate / yan na^asti tad anupalabdher viSayaH, anupalabhyamAnaM na^asti^iti pratijJAyate / so 'ayam AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabheH anupalambha upalabdhy-abhAve 'anupalabdhau svaviSaye pravarttamAno na svaviSayaM pratiSedhati / apratiSiddhA ca ''AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdhi hetutvAya kalpate / AvaraNa-AdIni tu vidyamAnatvAd upalabdher viSayAH, teSAm upalabdhyA bhavitavyam / yat tAni na^upalabhyante, tad-upalabdheH svaviSaya-pratipAdikAyA abhAvAd anupalambhAd anupalabdher viSayo gamyate --- na santy AvaraNa-AdIni zabdasya^agrahaNa-kAraNAni^iti / anupalambhAt tv anupalabhiH sidhyati, viSayaH sa tasya^iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-31 jJAna-vikalpAnAM ca bhAva-abhAva-saMvedanAd adhyAtmam // NyAyabhASya ahetur iti varttate / zarIre zarIre jJAna-vikalpAnAM bhAva-abhAvau saMvedanIyau / asti me saMzayajJAnaM na^asti me saMzayajJAnam iti / evaM pratyakSa-anumAna-Agama-smRti-jJAneSu / sA^iyam AvaraNa-Ady-anupalabdhir upalabdhy-abhAvaH svasaMvedyaH --- na^asti me zabdasya ''AvaraNa-Ady-upalabdhir iti na^upalabdhyante zabdasya^agrahaNa-kAraNAny AvaraNa-AdIni^iti / tatra yad uktaM tad-anupalabdher anupalambhAd abhAva-siddhir iti, etan na^upapadyate // NyAyasUtra 5-1-32 sAdharmyAt tulya-dharma^upapatteH sarva-anityatva-prasaGgAd anityasamaH // NyAyabhASya anityena ghaTena sAdharmyAd anityaH zabda iti bruvato 'asti ghaTena^anityena sarvabhAvAnAM sAdharmyam iti sarvasya^anityatvam aniSTaM sampadyate / so 'ayam anityatvena pratyavasthAnAd anityasama iti // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-33 sAdharmyAd asiddheH pratiSedha-asiddhiH pratiSedhya-sAdharmyAt // NyAyabhASya pratijJA-Ady-avayava-yuktaM vAkyaM pakSa-nivartakaM pratipakSa-lakSaNaM pratiSedhaH / tasya pakSeNa pratiSedhyena sAdharmyaM pratijJA-Adi-yogaH / tad yady anitya-sAdharmyAd anityatvasya^asiddhiH, sAdharmyAd asiddheH pratiSedhasya^apy asiddhiH, pratiSedhyena sAdharmyAd iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-34 dRSTAnte ca sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAvena prajJAtasya dharmasya hetutvAt tasya ca^ubhayathA-bhAvAn na^avizeSaH // NyAyabhASya dRSTAnte yaH khalu dharmaH sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAvena prajJAyate, sa hetutvena^abhidhIyate / sa ca^ubhayathA bhavati, kenacit samAnaH kutazcid viziSTaH / sAmAnyAt sAdharmyaM vizeSAc ca vaidharmyam / evaM sAdharmya-vizeSo hetuH, na^avizeSeNa sAdharmya-mAtraM vaidharmya-mAtraM vA / sAdharmya-mAtraM vaidharmya-mAtraM ca ''Azritya bhavAn Aha ---"sAdharmyAt tulya-dharma-upapatteH sarva-anityatva-prasaGgAd anityasama" iti, etad ayuktam iti / avizeSasama-pratiSedhe ca yad uktaM tad api veditavyam // NyAyasUtra 5-1-35 nityam anitya-bhAvAd anitye nityatva-upapatter nityasamaH // NyAyabhASya anityaH zabda iti pratijJAyate / tad anityatvaM kiM zabde nityam atha^anityam ? yadi tAvat sarvadA bhavati ? dharmasya sadA bhAvAd dharmiNo 'api sadA bhAva iti nityaH zabda iti / atha na sarvadA bhavati ? anityatvasya^abhAvAn nityaH zabdaH / evaM nityatvena pratyavasthAnAn nityasamaH // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-36 pratiSedhye nityam anitya-bhAvAd anitye 'anityatva-upapatteH pratiSedha-abhAvaH // NyAyabhASya pratiSedhye zabde nityam anityatvasya bhAvAd ity ucyamAne 'anujJAtaM zabdasya^anityatvam, anityatva-upapattez ca "na^anityaH zabda" iti pratiSedho na^upapadyate / atha na^abhyupagamyate, nityam anityatvasya bhAvAd iti hetur na bhavati^iti hetv-abhAvAt pratiSedha-anupapattir iti / utapannasya nirodhAd abhAvaH zabdasya^anityatvaM, tatra pariprazna-anupapattiH / yo 'ayaM paripaznaH --- tad anityatvaM kiM zabde sarvadA bhavati atha na^iti, ayam anupapannaH / kasmAt ? utpannasya yo nirodhAd abhAvaH zabdasya tad anityatvam ; evaM ca saty adhikaraNa-Adheya-vibhAgo vyAghAtAn na^asti^iti / nitya-anityatva-virodhAc ca / nityatvam anityatvaM ca ekasya dharmiNo dharmAv iti virudhyete, na sambhavataH / tatra yad uktaM --- nityam anityatvasya bhAvAn nitya eva, tad avartamAna-artham uktam iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-37 prayatna-kArya-anekatvAt kAryasamaH // NyAyabhASya prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd anityaH zabda iti / yasya prayatna-anantaram Atma-lAbhaH tat khalv abhUtvA bhavati, yathA ghaTa-Adi-kAryam ; anityam iti ca bhUtvA na bhavati^ity etad vijJAyate / evam avasthite prayatna-kArya-anekatvAd iti pratiSedha ucyate / prayatna-anantaram Atma-lAbhaz ca dRSTo ghaTa-AdInAm, vyavadhAna-apohAc ca^abhivyaktir vyavahitAnAm / tat kiM prayatna-anantaram Atma-lAbhaH zabdasya^aho 'abhivyaktir iti vizeSo na^asti / kArya-avizeSeNa pratyavasthAnam kAryasamaH // NyAyabhASya asya^uttaram NyAyasUtra 5-1-38 kArya-anyatve prayatna-ahetutvam anupalabdhi-kAraNa-upapatteH // NyAyabhASya sati kArya-anyatve anupalabdhi-kAraNa-upapatteH prayatnasya^ahetutvaM zabdasya^abhivyaktau / yatra prayatna-anantaram abhivyaktis tatra^anupalabdhi-kAraNaM vyavadhAnam upapadyate, vyavadhAna-apohAc ca prayatna-anantara-bhAvino 'arthasya^upalabdhilakSaNA 'abhivyaktir bhavati^iti, na tu zabdasya^anupalabdhi-kAraNaM kiJcid upapadyate, yasya prayatna-anantaram apohAc chabdasya^upalabhi-lakSaNA 'abhivyaktir bhavati^iti, tasmAd utpadyate zabdo na^abhivyajyate iti // NyAyabhASya hetoz ced anaikAntikatvam upapadyate anaikAtikatvAd asAdhakaH syAd iti / yadi ca^anaikAntikatvAd asAdhakatvam --- NyAyasUtra 5-1-39 pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSaH // NyAyabhASya pratiSedho 'apy anaikAntikaH, kiJcit pratiSedhati kiJcin na^iti anaikAntikatvAd asAdhaka iti / atha vA zabdasya^anityatva-pakSe prayatna-anantaram utpAdo na^abhivyaktir iti vizeSa-hetv-abhAvaH, nityatva-pakSe 'api prayatna-anantaram abhivyaktir na^utpAda iti vizeSa-hetv-abhAvaH / so 'ayam ubhaya-pakSa-samo vizeSa-hetv-abhAva ity ubhayam apy anaikAtikam iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-40 sarvatra^evam // NyAyabhASya sarveSu sAdharmya-prabhRtiSu pratiSedha-hetuSu yatra yatra^avizeSo dRzyate tatra^ubhayoH pakSayoH samaH prasajyata iti // NyAyasUtra 5-1-41 pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe pratiSedha-doSavad doSaH // NyAyabhASya yo 'ayaM pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSo 'anaikAntikatvam Apadyate so 'ayaM pratiSedhasya vipratiSedhe 'api samAnaH / tatra^anityaH zabdaH prayatna-AnantarIyakatvAd iti sAdhana-vAdinaH sthApanA prathamaH pakSaH / "prayatna-kArya-anekatvAt kAryasama" iti dUSaNa-vAdinaH pratiSedha-hetunA dvitIyaH pakSaH / sa ca pratiSedha ity ucyate / tasya^asya pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSa iti tRtIyaH pakSaH vipratiSedha ucyate / tasmin pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe 'api samAno doSo 'anaikAntikatvaM caturthaH pakSaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-42 pratiSedhaM sadoSam abhyupetya pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe samAno doSa-prasaGgo mata-anujJA // NyAyabhASya pratiSedhaM dvitIyaM pakSaM sadoSam abhyupetya tad-uddhAram akRtvA 'anujJAya pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe tRtIya-pakSe samAnam anaikAntikatvam iti samAnaM dUSaNaM prasaJjayato dUSaNa-vAdino mata-anujJA prasajyata iti paJcamaH pakSaH // NyAyasUtra 5-1-43 sva-pakSa-lakSaNa-apekSA-upapatty-upasaMhAre hetu-nirdeze para-pakSa-doSa-abhyupagamAt samAno doSaH // NyAyabhASya sthApanA-pakSe prayatna-kArya-anekatvAd iti doSaH sthApanA-hetu-vAdinaH sva-pakSa-lakSaNo bhavati / kasmAt ? sva-pakSa-samutthatvAt / so 'ayaM sva-pakSa-lakSaNaM doSam apekSamANo 'anuddhRtya^anujJAya pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSa ity upapadyamAnaM doSaM para-pakSe upasaMharati / itthaM ca^anaikAntikaH pratiSedha iti hetuM nirdizati / tatra sva-pakSa-lakSaNa-apekSayA^upapadyamAna-doSa-upasaMhAre hetu-nirdeze ca saty anena para-pakSa-doSo 'abhyupagato bhavati / kathaM kRtvA ? yaH pareNa prayatna-kArya-anekatvAd-ity-AdinA 'anaikAntika-doSa uktaH, tam anuddhRtya pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSa ity Aha / evaM sthApanAM sadoSAm abhyupetya pratiSedhe 'api samAnaM doSaM prasaJjayataH para-pakSa-abhyupagamAt samAno doSo bhavati / yathA parasya pratiSedhaM sadoSam abhyupetya pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe 'api samAno doSaprasaGgo mata-anujJA prasajyata iti, tathA 'asya^api sthApanAM sadoSAm abhyupetya pratiSedhe 'api samAnaM doSaM prasaJjayato mata-anujJA prasajyata iti / sa khalv ayaM SaSTaH pakSaH / tatra khalu sthApanA-hetu-vAdinaH prathama-tRtIya-paJcama-pakSAH, pratiSedha-hetu-vAdinaH dvitIya-caturtha-SaSTa-pakSAH teSAM sAdhv-asAdhutAyAM mImAMsyamAnAyAM caturtha-SaSTayor artha-avizeSAt punar-ukta-doSa-prasaGgaH / caturtha-pakSe samAna-doSatvaM parasya^ucyate ---"pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe pratiSedha-doSavad doSa" iti / SaSTe 'api "para-pakSa-doSa-abhyupagamAt samAno doSa" iti samAna-doSatvam eva^ucyate, na^artha-vizeSaH kazcid asti / samAnas tRTIya-paJcamayoH punar-ukta-doSa-prasaGgaH, tRTIya-pakSe 'api "pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSa" iti samAnatvam abhyupagamyate / paJcama-pakSe 'api "pratiSedha-vipratiSedhe samAno doSa-prasaGgo" 'abhyupagamyate, na^artha-vizeSaH kazcid ucyata iti / tatra paJcama-SaSTa-pakSayor artha-avizeSAt punar-ukta-doSa-prasaGgaH, tRtIya-caturthayor mata-anujJA, prathama-dvitIyayor vizeSa-hetv-abhAva iti SaTpakSyAm ubhayor asiddhiH / kadA SaTpakSI ? yadA "pratiSedhe 'api samAno doSa" ity evaM pravarttate / tadA^ubhayoH pakSayor asiddhiH / yadA tu "kArya-anyatve prayatna-ahetutvam anupalabdhi-kAraNa-upapatter" ity anena tRTIya-pakSo yajyate, tadA vizeSa-hetu-vacanAt "prayatna-anantaram Atma-lAbhaH zabdasya, na^abhivyaktir" iti siddhaH prathama-pakSo na SaTpakSI pravartata iti //